As Grand Canyon National Park Turns 100, It Collaborates With Tribes
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The Grand Canyon sprawls across 1,902 square miles of northern Arizona. Over millions of years a river carved out a many-layered geologic wonder that has inspired poets to dream and scientists to ponder. Most of us are lucky to visit once or twice in a lifetime. But for several Native Americans the Grand Canyon is the place they have called home.
"Most Americans think Native Americans are gone but we're still here," said Carletta Tilousi, a Havasupai council member who grew up in the Grand Canyon. "I'd like them to know that this was a home — is the home — of Native Americans and our stories need to be told."
In the late 1800s the federal government sequestered the Havasupai to a side canyon until 1975 when they were given back some of their ancestral land.
"It's been a really long, bitter relationship with the park," Tilousi said. "The park forcefully removed my family — my great aunts and my great grandfather. And that really made me personally very angry as a child."
Today the National Park Service is required to consult with tribes when making changes that might have an impact on their land or their people.
Grand Canyon National Park celebrates its centennial next year. To mark the occasion the National Park Service is working with eleven traditionally associated tribes to tell their stories.
"I think Havasupai, we've been ignored for a long time and not given the opportunity to voice our concerns on lands that were occupied by our family members," Tilousi said.
Only in the last decade has Tilousi been willing to sit down with park staff. In those meetings tribal leaders have asked the park for an opportunity to tell their stories.
When Xanterra dropped Desert View Watchtower from its concessionaire contract three years ago, former Grand Canyon Superintendent Dave Uberuaga invited tribal leaders to help park staff design a cultural heritage site there.
"What is really forward thinking, I feel about this project, is the way that the relationship is changing," said Jenn O'Neill, the park's partnerships and planning coordinator. "Recent superintendents have used those other authorities available to them to change the conversation to do more listening and less speaking and to really build the trust. I mean this whole project is propped up on trust that we will do what we say we will do."
In addition to providing a venue to tell their own stories, the park also wanted to preserve the existing cultural heritage, including Hopi artist Fred Kabotie's murals inside the Desert View watchtower. Architect Mary Colter modeled the watchtower after the ancestral Puebloan buildings.
"Every time I come in here I see something new that I never saw before," O'Neill said.
O'Neill said with the help of a grant they were able to hire conservators to clean the murals.
"They have spent the last three years cleaning with Q-tips and brushes every square inch of the murals," O'Neill said.
O'Neill is hopeful once the intertribal cultural heritage program is up and running that the rest of the park will follow suit.
"We don't want to dispatch all things Native to the farthest corner of the park," O'Neill said. "We want to create a program that works and is sustainable and then it will move into the larger park."
So there's more of a Native American presence throughout.
"We actually are going to have a voice in the Grand Canyon again and that's one of the things I like about this heritage site," Mable Franklin said.
Franklin, who is Navajo, sees the heritage site as a positive step. But she'd like to see more.
Currently the park only lets Native artists sell their artwork under strict regulations. Artists are limited to just selling crafts they've shown visitors how to create in cultural demonstrations.
"We would like to see our communities put their wares and generate revenue from that because in our community we have a lot of people that are vendors and that's their way of life and that sustains them out here," Franklin said.
For now Franklin hopes the 6 million annual visitors to Grand Canyon will consider taking a side trip to Cameron Trading Post just 30 miles east on the Navajo Nation, where artists can earn a living selling their work.
